Kitchin 1750s

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		MAP FEATURES
	title cartouche map maker publisher	Printed in a fancy title cartouche lower right:- WESTMORELAND Drawn from ye best Authorities and Regulated by Astronl. Observatns. By T. Kitchin Geogr. on a roll of cloth hanging from a bolt on a scrollwork stand, with other bolts of cloth, ?felt hats, trees and bushes, and a background of mountain pikes. Printed at the top:- For the London Magazine and at the bottom:- Printed for R. Baldwin Junr. at the Rose in Pater Noster Row.
	coat of arms	Engraved upper left in a baroque cartouche is:- THE ARMS OF APPLEBY the de jure county town.
	table of symbols	Printed left centre is an:- Explanation. [circle, buildings, tower, stars] Borough Towns with the No. of Members they send to Parlt. by Stars. [circle, buildings, tower] Market Towns. [circle] [circle with spike] Parishes or Villages. [double line, light bold] Great or Direct Roads. [double line, light light] Principal Cross Roads. [single line] Cross Roads. a King Arthur's Round Table.
	orientation compass rose up is N	Printed right centre is a minimal compass rose; circle, lines for cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de lys, east marked by a cross. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
	scale line scale	Printed right centre is a scale of:- British Statute Miles. chequered in miles, labelled at 1,2,4,6 .... The 10 miles = 32.2 mm gives a scale 1 to 499796. The map scale is about:- 1 to 500000 8 miles to 1 inch a statute mile)
	lat and long lat and long scales	Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a ?trapezoidal projection; chequered in 2 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. At the 20 degree latitude mark is also engraved:- 54 Deg. & 20 Min. North Latitude as an exact degree does not appear on the scale. And by the 3 degree longitude mark is:- Deg. W. Longit. from London. The map includes from 1d 50m to 3d 22m W, from 54d 8m to 54d 40m N; all of Westmorland. From the scale the longitude, Kendal = 2d 52m W which suggests a prime meridian 3 degrees west of Greenwich, perhaps St Paul's.
	sea area sea plain	The small area of sea at the river mouths by the Cartmel peninsula is plain.
	coast line coast form lines	The small amount of coast line on the river estuaries by the Cartmel peninsula is engraved with form lines for emphasis.
	rivers bridges	Rivers are drawn by wiggly line tapering upstream. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Ken R Lone R. Burrow R. The major rivers and ?larger tributaries are shown. Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream. This is not apparent where the road is a single line, but in some of those instances the bridge is drawn by a double line across the stream, examples at Low Burrow Bridge and Appleby. At Sedbergh a bridge is marked this way though there is no road. Most bridges are not named, but notice:- Burrow Br
	lakes	Lakes are drawn in outline with form lines, the larger lakes labelled:- Ulles Lake Winander Mere Other lakes can be recognised:- Brothers Water Hayes Water Haweswater Rydal Water Grasmere Kentmere Tarn Easedale Tarn (?)
	relief hillocks	Relief is indicated by small hillocks shaded to the east. These are scattered liberally over the county, keeping the Eden Valley clear of hills, and other river valleys less hilly. One or two hillocks are larger, and might be labelled, eg:- Jefferys Mt. Helvillin Hill Whinfield Hill Murton P Roman Fell On the road north from Kendal a hillock is drawn under the road in the style of strip road maps to indicate an ascent, labelled:- Betome Hill A valley might be labelled, eg:- Stanmore Dale
	beacons	A larger hillock is labelled:- Orton Beacon and has the beacon shown by a post etc. The detail is not clear but could be a drawing of post, ladder and cresset.
	woods forests trees	Woodland is indicated by tiny tree symbols. These are scattered about liberally, not particularly grouped. There are usually a tree or two in parks. A couple of forests are labelled:- Milburne Forrest Lune For: the first with, the second without trees, which is not wrong.
	parks	Parks are drawn in outline with fence palings, a few trees inside, and perhaps buildings. A park might be labelled, eg:- Brigster P
	county	The county boundary of Westmorland is a dashed line; adjacent counties are separated by a fine dotted line. The adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- LANCASHIRE CUMBERLAND At the meet on a hill top, of Lancashire, Yorkshire and Westmorland, is labelled:- County Stone A very little is engraved outwith the county for the sake of continuity, Sedbergh, Dent, Cartmel and a few landscape features.
	settlements electoral data	Settlements are positioned by a circle, with added elements, differentiated by style of labelling.
	towns	circle, buildings, tower and perhaps attached stars; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Ambleside Kendal Orton Stanley [Staveley] Or labelled in upright block caps:- APPLEBY which is the county town, and has two stars indicating it returns two members to Parliament.
	villages	circle with a vestigial building and a spike on top; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Tebay Shap Kellath [Kellet] Sedberg
	hamlets	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Askham Underbarrow Horse H [Horse House]
		The imposed grading as town, village, hamlet does not match present day conceptions of places. Some place names are abbreviated, needing local knowledge for their understanding, eg:- Brough S [Brough Sowerby] Farlton K [Farleton Knott, labelling a hamlet not the hill] Crosby Rav. [Crosby Ravensworth] Other abbreviations are more obvious:- H for Hall or House, Hd Head, M Mere, Ch Church, etc.
	roads	A umber of roads are drawn by double or single line. The double line might be dotted, probably indicating an unfenced margin. Two main routes are shown:- from the south, Lancashire; through Burton, to and around Kendal, then Shap, Westmorland; to Penrith and northward, Cumberland. from Kendal, through Staveley, Ambleside, Westmorland; crossing NNW at Dunmail Raise Stones into Cumberland. The various minor roads involve Kirkby Lonsdale, Tebay, Orton, Cartmel, Appleby, Brough, Kirkby Steven, and routes eastward into Yorkshire.
	miscellaneous
	mines lead mines coal mines	A label by hillocks in Stanmore Del declares:- Cole Pitts and in the hills north of brough are:- Lead Mines
	crosses	A cross is drawn on a larger hillock on the county boundary, labelled:- Hallowmill Cross
	stones antiquities	The road from Orton meets the Kendal to Shap road at:- Stone Heaps which are drawn as standing stones. And similar stones are labelled:- Dunmail Raise Stones At the meet on a hill top, of Lancashire, Yorkshire and Westmorland, is labelled:- County Stone
	antiquities earthworks	A letter:- a in a circle north of Clifton is explained in the table of symbols as:- King Arthur's Round Table

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