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back to object record
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TRANSCRIPT of GROSE'S CUMBERLAND, 1777-87
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Transcript of the description of Cumberland from the
Supplement To The Antiquities of England And Wales ... by
Francis Grose, published by S Hooper, 212 High Holborn,
London, 1777-87. The single sheet used, two pages, is in a
private collection.
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Grose's Cumberland
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The descriptive text accompanies a map, by John Seller 1694.
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CUMBERLAND
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Is a maritime county, which, prior to the arrival of the
Romans, was included in the division of the Brigantes; and,
after their conquest, was comprised in their fourth province
of Maxima Caesarensis, which extended from the Humber to the
Tyne. During the Heptarchy, it belonged to the kingdom of
Northumberland, which was the fifth established, beginning
547, and ending 827; having had 31 kings, and is now
included in the northern circuit, in the province of York,
and Diocese of Carlisle. It is bounded on the north by
Scotland, on the south by Lancashire and Westmoreland, east
by Northumberland and Durham, and west by the Irish sea. It
is 78 miles long, 30 broad, and 200 in circumference,
containing 1,040,000 square acres; has 75,000 inhabitants;
one city, Carlisle; and 14 market towns; viz. Penrith,
Cockermouth, Whitehaven, Egremont, Keswick, Ravenglass,
Alncaster, Holme, Brampton, Alston-Moor, Ireby, Kirk-Oswald,
Longtown, and Wigton; it has 56 parishes, 77 vicarages, 447
villages, is divided into 6 wards, provides 320 men to the
national militia; sends 6 members to parliament, and pays 1
part of the land-tax. Its rivers are the Eden, Aln, Irt,
Petterel, Caude, Derwent, Cocker, Duddon, Levin, Wiza, and
Tyne. The most noted places are Hard-knot Hill, Mole Hill,
Dent Hill, Skiddow Mount, the Fells, Penrith fell, Newton
Beacon, Derwent, Uller and Broad-water; Westward, Copeland,
and Inglewood forests, Wrynose, Solway-moss, &c. Its chief
products are black-lead, copper, iron, coal, lapis
caliminaris, fustians, coarse broad-cloth, linen, salmon,
cattle, fowls, game, fish, &c. In this county are many
remarkable and beautiful views, particularly on or near its
lakes, meers, and high grounds.
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Near Carlisle began the Picts wall, built by the emperor
Adrian in 121, which crossed the whole island from sea to
sea, about 100 miles. It was 8 feet broad, and 12 high, with
25 strong castles: the foundatiosn of many of them are yet
visible. Besides which, there are Roman, Saxon, or Danish
encampments to be seen at Moresby, Thirlwall, Bankhead,
Little-Chesters, House-studs, between Seavenshale and Little
CHesters, at Carrow-borough, Seavenshale, Portgate near
Hexham, Elenborough, Wigton, Burgh, Penrith, Netherby,
Brampton, Lanecrost, at Alston Moor, called Whitley Castle,
near Rose Castle, at Bewcastle, at Deerham, and at Liddle
Strength.
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The Roman military road upon which the second journey of
Antoninus is made, commences at and leads through this
county, from Carlisle to Old Penrith; and another vicinal
way we have from Old Penrith to the wall. The Roman road
leading hither from York, may be traced to Rippon, and from
thence to Merton, at the coonfluence of the Tees and Greta.
There are five stations from Merton to Walwick; but to
Carlisle there are but three: Brough in Westmoreland
(Lavatris) is the first, Ole Penrith (Veteris) the second,
and Carlisle (Brovoniacis) the third. A road goes also by
the wall to Caer Vorren and Luguvallain near Walwick, and
thence to Old Penrith. The last station in this county is
(Alone) Bewcastle, the station of the third cohort of the
Nervians.
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ANTIQUITIES in this COUNTY worthy notice.
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St. Bees' Priory, near Egremont
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Bewcastle and the Cross in the Church Yard
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Boulness Font
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Bride Church Fort
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Calder Priory, near Egremont
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Carlisle Cathedral and Castle
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Castle Studs, in Old Penrith
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Cockermouth Castle
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Corby Castle, near Carlisle
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Dacre Castle, near Penrith
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Danish Chapel at Ditto
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Deerham Church, near Cockermouth
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Drumburg Castle, five miles from Whitehaven
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Dunwalloght Castle, near Nether Denton
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Egremont Castle, near St. Bees
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Ewanrigg, near Elneburgh
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Grotto near Penrith
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Hay Castle, near Moresby
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High-head Castle, near Ireby
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Holme Coultram Abbey
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Isis Parlish, a grotto near Penrith
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Kirk Oswald, near Ditto
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Lanecrost Priory, near Naworth
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Long Meg and her daughters, near Kirk Oswald
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Millum Castle
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The Moat, near Brampton
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The Monument, near Castle Rigg
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Naworth Castle
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Nunnery near Kirk Oswald
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Pap Castle
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Penrith Castle
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Old Penrith, near Kirk Oswald
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Picts Holes, near Moresby
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Picts Wall
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Rose Castle, six miles from Carlisle
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Scaleby Castle
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Warwick Church
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Wetherall Priory and Cells
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Wigton Church
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