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back to object record
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TRANSCRIPT of GROSE'S WESTMORLAND, 1777-87
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Transcript of the description of Westmorland from the
Supplement To The Antiquities Of England And Wales ... by
Francis Grose, published by S Hooper, 212 High Holborn,
London, 1777-87. The single sheet used, two pages, is in a
private collection.
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Grose's Westmorland
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The descriptive text accompanies a map, by John Seller 1694.
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WESTMORELAND
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Is an inland county, which, prior to the arrival of the
Romans, belonged to the British principality of the
Brigantes: during the Roman government of this country, it
was included in their province of Maxima Caesariensis, which
reached from the Humber to the Tyne. During the Saxon
Heptarchy it was part of the kingdom of the Northumbrians,
which was established in 547, and continued till 827, having
had 31 kings. It is now included in the northern circuit, in
the diocese of Carlisle, and province of York. When Alfred
made the division of his kingdom into counties, this, with
Northumberland and Cumberland, are not mentioned, and
therefore supposed to have belonged to the Scots. It is
bounded on the north by Cumberland, south by Lancashire,
west by Cumberland and Lancashire, and east by Yorkshire;
having four wards or hundreds, being 46 miles long, 38
broad, and 120 in circumference. containing 633 square
miles, or 510,000 square acres, divided into 64 parishes,
having 220 villages, 6500 houses, 32,500 inhabitants, and
eight market towns, viz. Appleby, the county town, Kendal,
Lonsdale, Ambleside, Kirkby-Steven, Burton, Brough, and
Orton. It sends four Members to Parliament, pays one part of
the land-tax, and provides 240 men to the national militia.
Its rivers are the Eden, Ken, Lun, Tees, Eamon, Belo,
Lowther, Hunna, Winster, Lavennet, Blinkernbeck, and the
Barrow; its lakes are Winander Meer, Ulles, Broad, and Horns
Waters; and a Spa Well, at Brough Bridge. Remarkable places
are, Fourness Fells, Farlton-knot-hill, Whinfield-hill,
Murton, Dufton, and Knocke Points, Roman and Rumary Fells,
Lonsdale Vale, Stanmore Dale, and the cataracts on the river
Ken, near Kendal. It products are pastures, corn, sheep,
cattle, fish of various kinds, copper mines, and
manufactories of hats, cottons, stockings, druggets, &c. The
county is in general mountainous, and in general moorish and
barren, and the air is sharp.
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The Roman, Saxon, Danish, or British encampments in this
county are at Crackenthorp, near Appleby, near Kirkby-shore,
at Brougham, Maiden Castle, near Brough, Rear Cross upon
Stanmore, at Water Crook, near Kendal, at Ambleside, Castle
Steeds, Mayborough Castle, near Eamont Bridge, and two more
at Sandford, near Brough.
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The Roman military road from Carlisle and Old Penrith, first
crosses at the confluence of Eamont and Loker, and
afterwards the Eden. Near Kirby-shore we have another
intersection with the other military Roman road that leads
from Alone to Galacum, and from thence to Lancaster; having
crossed that road we proceed through Appleby to Brough or
Lavatree, under Stanmore, and from thence to Merton.
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The Roman military road upon which the tenth journey of
Antoninus proceeds, enters the county upon Alone, or Whitby
Castle, in Cumberland, and is called the Maiden Way, and
comes to Shap, or Galacum, from whence it has as direct a
way as the mountains will admit of by Kendal to Lancaster.
Shap lies five miles from the main road, to which there was
a vicinal way.
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ANTIQUITIES worthy of notice in this COUNTY.
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Askham Church
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Appleby Castle
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Arnside Tower, near Ulleswater
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Asby Church, near Appleby
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Barton Church, near Ulleswater
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Betham Hall, near ditto
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Betham Church, near Winander Meer
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Bowness Church, near Milthorpe
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Brough Church and Castle
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Brougham Castle
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Castle Folds
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Cleburn Church and Parsonage
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Clifton Church and Hall
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Crosby Church
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Dunmaile
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Godmond Tower, near Kendal
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Gray Rig-hall
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Kendal Castle
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Green Castle
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Harclay Castle
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Helton Bacon Manor-house
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Helsack Tower
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Howgill Castle
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King Arthur's Round Table and Castle
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Kirby-Lonsdale Church and Bridge
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Kirby-Steven Church
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Kirby-shore Church
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Livens Hall and Temple
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Morton Church
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Morland Church
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Musgrave Church
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Ormside Church and Hall
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Orton Church
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Peele Castle
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Pendragon Castle
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Penhurrock Stones
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Pyramids near Shap
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Round Tower at Cowpland Bridge
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Staveley Chap
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Shap Abbey and Church
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Sizergh Hall
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Stone Heaps near Orton
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Warcop Church
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Whilp Castle, at Kirby-shore
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