Black 1870s

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		NOTES from BLACK'S TRAVELLING MAP of ENGLAND AND WALES, 1870s
	These notes are taken from the Road and Railway Travelling Map of England, including England and Wales, engraved by S Hall, Bury Street, London, published by A and C Black, Edinburgh, Lothian, early 1870s. The map studied is in a private collection.
	The map size is: wxh, folded in cover = 12x15cm; wxh, sheet = 66.5x87cm; wxh, map = 570x820mm. The map is colour printed, presumably engraved linework and lithograph colour. It is sectioned for folding, 6x6 pieces, mounted, and folded in a cloth covered card cover. The linen is in poor condition.
		MAP FEATURES
	plain cartouche title cartouche map maker engraver	Embossed in gold on the dark green cover is:- BLACK'S ROAD & RAILWAY TRAVELLING MAP OF ENGLAND 4s. 6d. illustrated with a 2-2-2 railway locomotive and a stage coach. Printed in a plain cartouche, in a decorative font is:- ENGLAND AND WALES and printed at the bottom:- Edinburgh, Published by A. & C. Black. / Engraved by S Hall, Bury Str. Bloomsbury
	table of symbols	A few symbols are explained, below the title cartouche, upper right:- Railways in operation are distinguished thus [bold line, cross lines for a] Station Lines in progress of construction, or which have received the sanction of Parliament [double line, shaded]
	orientation up is N	The map has no compass rose, it is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
	scale line scale	Printed below the title cartouche, upper right, is a scale of:- English Miles chequered in 5 then 10 miles intervals, labelled at 5, 10, 20, etc. The 50 miles = 88.8 mm gives a scale 1 to 906162. The map scale is about:- 1 to 900000 14 miles to 1 inch
	lat and long lat and long scales lat and long grid	Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a conical projection; chequered in 10 minute intervals, labelled at degrees. The bottom longitude scale is labelled:- Longitude East from Greenwich to the right of the prime meridian. The map includes from about 1d 30m E to 5d 40m W, from 49d 40m to 56d 10m N; the whole of England and Wales, with southern Scotland in outline, and part of the coast of France.
	sea area sea tinted	The sea are is tinted blue, fading to uncoloured far from land. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL
	coast line	The coast line has a red tint, because it is a county boundary. Some headlands are noticed, eg:- Hurst Pt.
	rivers	Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering inland. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Avon R.
	relief hill hachuring	Relief is indicated by hill hachuring.
	forests	Woodland is not indicated. But, in Hampshire, the:- NEW FOREST is labelled as an area.
	county	County boundaries are a dotted line tinted with a continuous red line. County areas are labelled, eg:- HAMPSHIRE OR SOUTHAMPTON Each county is coloured a different colour.
	settlements	Settlements are marked by a circle, perhaps with added elements, differentiated by style of lettering.
	city	circle, plus four arms as if the circle overlays a plus sign; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER
	town	circle, perhaps with four arms as if the circle overlays a plus sign; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Lymington [with cross] Alton [without cross]
	village   hamlet	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Upper Wallop
	roads	Roads are drawn by a double or single line, for greater and lesser roads. Some of the main routes have one of the two lines bold; this is a convention used to mark more important routes, like post routes, or turnpikes, on earlier maps. Although the cover title says this is a road and rail map, it is apparent that railways are a prior interest.
	railways	Railways are marked by a bold line. Cross lines are used to mark the position of a station, as explained in the table of symbols.

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