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Pennines, Cumbria
Alps Penina
county:-   Cumbria
locality type:-   hill
10Km square:-   NY55
10Km square:-   NY65
10Km square:-   NY64
10Km square:-   NY74
10Km square:-   NY63
10Km square:-   NY73
10Km square:-   NY72
10Km square:-   NY71
10Km square:-   NY81
10Km square:-   NY80
10Km square:-   SD79
10Km square:-   SD68
10Km square:-   SD78
SummaryText:-   from Derbyshire to the Cheviots, Scotland.
evidence:-   old map:- Ptolemy 1540
source data:-   Map, copy, uncoloured lithograph? Anglia II Nova Tabula, New Map of England, scale about 50 miles to 1 inch, data in the Geographia by Claudius Ptolemy, engraved by Sebastian Munster, Basle, Switzerland, 1540.
image  click to enlarge
PTY4Cm.jpg
hillocks; mountains 
item:-  private collection : 131
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Cmd) 
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Cumberland and the Ancient Citie Carlile Described, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by J Sudbury and George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP11NY74.jpg
hillocks 
image
SP11NY73.jpg
hillocks; Westmorland 
item:-  private collection : 16
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Speed 1611 (Wmd) 
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, The Countie Westmorland and Kendale the Cheif Towne, scale about 2.5 miles to 1 inch, by John Speed, 1610, published by George Humble, Popes Head Alley, London, 1611-12.
image
SP14NY73.jpg
hillocks 
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SP14NY72.jpg
hillocks 
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SP14NY81.jpg
hillocks 
item:-  Armitt Library : 2008.14.5
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   poem:- Drayton 1612/1622 text
placename:-  English Alpes
source data:-   Poem, Poly Olbion, by Michael Drayton, published by published by John Marriott, John Grismand and Thomas Dewe, and others? London, part 1 1612, part 2 1622.
image DRY6P165, button  goto source
page 165:-  "... that row of Mountaines tall,
Which we our English Alpes may very aptly call,
..."
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Defoe 1724-26
item:-  copper; brass; gold
source data:-   Tour through England and Wales, by Daniel Defoe, published in parts, London, 1724-26.
"... the English Appenine, as Mr. Cambden calls them, that is, the mountains of Yorkshire North Riding, lie like a wall of brass on the other; an in deed, in one sense, they are a wall of brass; for it is the opinion of the most skilful and knowing people in the country, that those mountains are full of inexhaustible mines of copper, and so rich, as not only to be called brass, copper being convertible into brass, but also have a quantity of gold in them also: It is true, they do at this time work at some copper mines here, but they find the oar lies so deep, and is so hard to come at, that they do not seem to go cheerfully on."
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Cumberland North from London, scale about 11 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD10.jpg
""
range of hillocks 
item:-  JandMN : 115
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   old map:- Badeslade 1742
placename:-  
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, A Map of Westmorland North from London, scale about 10 miles to 1 inch, with descriptive text, by Thomas Badeslade, London, engraved and published by William Henry Toms, Union Court, Holborn, London, 1742.
image  click to enlarge
BD12.jpg
""
range of hillocks 
item:-  Dove Cottage : 2007.38.62
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   descriptive text:- Otley 1823 (5th edn 1834) 
placename:-  British Apennines
placename:-  Backbone of England
item:-  geology
source data:-   Guide book, A Concise Description of the English Lakes, the mountains in their vicinity, and the roads by which they may be visited, with remarks on the mineralogy and geology of the district, by Jonathan Otley, published by the author, Keswick, Cumberland now Cumbria, by J Richardson, London, and by Arthur Foster, Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, 1823; published 1823-49, latterly as the Descriptive Guide to the English Lakes.
image OT01P163, button  goto source
Page 163:-  "... To the eastward, the plain of the Eden is bounded by a long range of mountains, called by some the British Apennines, or the Backbone of England. ..."
evidence:-   old map:- Garnett 1850s-60s H
source data:-   Map of the English Lakes, in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by John Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, 1850s-60s.
image
GAR2NY65.jpg
hill hachuring, range of hills 
item:-  JandMN : 82.1
Image © see bottom of page
evidence:-   text:- Mason 1907 (edn 1930) 
source data:-   Text book, The Ambleside Geography Books bk.III, The Counties of England, by Charlotte M Mason, published by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co, Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane, and the Parents' Educational Union Office, 26 Victoria Street, London, edn 1930.
MSN1P025.txt
Page 25:-  "... [Eden Valley and Kent Valley] ... The rest of the county is entirely filled with the Fells, or with the bleak Moors on the east, the continuation of the Pennine Chain."
"Cross Fell, 2900 feet, the highest point in the range, is in Cumberland. ..."
hearsay:-  
 A Professor of English in Copenhagen, Netherlands, 1747, claimed he had found a 14th century chronicle describing Britain in roman times; this proved to be a fraud. One of the details in this chronicle was that the 'Alps Penina' divided the country in two. Although a forgery the name was used by two geologists in the 1820s who anglicized the name as the 'Pennines', and the name stuck.


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