Old Cumbria Gazetteer - St Michael, Burgh by Sands


	St Michael, Burgh by Sands
	St Michael's Church
	Burgh by Sands Church
locality:-	Burgh by Sands
civil parish:-	Burgh by Sands (formerly Cumberland)
county:-	Cumbria
locality type:-	church
locality type:-	pele tower
coordinates:-	NY32865911
1Km square:-	NY3259
10Km square:-	NY35
references:-	: 2005: Diocese of Carlisle, Directory 2004/5

	BUF20.jpg The church tower is fortified. (taken 11.3.2011) BMA85.jpg (taken 5.5.2006)
	Built in the 12th century, within the roman fort, using stones from the roman site; most of the present church is later. The tower is probably 14th century, built after the death of Edward I, when the border with Scotland was a battlefield. Restored 1772, 1881, etc.

evidence:-	old map:- OS County Series (Cmd 15 12) placename:- St Michael's Church
source data:-	Maps, County Series maps of Great Britain, scales 6 and 25 inches to 1 mile, published by the Ordnance Survey, Southampton, Hampshire, from about 1863 to 1948. "St. Michael's Church (Cicarage) / Grave Yard"

evidence:-	old print:- Curwen 1913 placename:- Burgh by Sands Church item:- door; iron yett
source data:-	Print, uncoloured lithograph, Burgh by Sands Church, door, an iron yett, St Michael's Church, Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913. click to enlarge CW0136.jpg On p.178 of The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen. printed at bottom:- "BURGH-BY-SANDS CHURCH." item:- Armitt Library : A782.36 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	site plan:- Curwen 1913 placename:- Burgh by Sands Church
source data:-	Site plan, lithograph, Plan of Burgh by Sands Church, tower, St Michael's Church, Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, published for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society by Titus Wilson, Kendal, Westmorland, 1913. click to enlarge CW0166.jpg On p.324 of The Castles and Fortified Towers of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, by John F Curwen. printed at bottom:- "PLAN OF BURGH-BY-SANDS CHURCH." item:- Armitt Library : A782.66 Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-	old map:- Nurse 1918
source data:-	Map, The Diocese of Carlisle, Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, by Rev Euston J Nurse, published by Charles Thurnam and Sons, 11 English Street, Carlisle, Cumberland, 2nd edn 1939. NUR1NY36.jpg "BURGH-BY-SANDS" item:- JandMN : 27 Image © see bottom of page

	notes about bells

	stained glass

evidence:-	database:- Listed Buildings 2010 placename:- Church of St Michael
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL / / / BURGH BY SANDS / CARLISLE / CUMBRIA / I / 78230 / NY3287159107"
source data:-	courtesy of English Heritage "Church. Probably late C12, bell tower 1360, C15 east tower, alterations of 1713 and restoration 1881. Squared and coursed red and calciferous sandstone (from the nearby Roman Wall and Roman Fort, on which site the church stands); graduated greenslate roof, C20 brick chimney stack on vestry. 3-storey west tower; 3-bay nave with north aisle, 2-bay chancel and single-bay vestry (former east tower) under common roof. West tower has extremely thick walls on chamfered plinth with clasping buttresses; vaulted lower chamber has newel staircase in south-west angle, lit by arrow slits; west wall has internal steps in thickness of wall, to arrow slit; loop hole near former north entrance in aisle. South-east buttress has inscription I.S. 1560(?). First floor trefoil-head lancets in each wall, that in east wall looks into nave; round-arched bell openings above, square-headed in east wall. Battlemented parapet with projecting lead water spouts. O.S. bench mark on north-west buttress. East entrance from nave has iron yet and drawbar tunnel. Medieval bells. Repositioned Norman north entrance to aisle, has beakhead decoration; Victorian restoration of outer order. Inscriptions on jambs: I.B. 1769, I.B. 1842. When the bell tower was built, it appears this entrance was blocked and a shouldered-arched entrance opened in the west wall of aisle, itself now blocked. Pointed lancet windows of 1881. South wall of nave has 3 blocked square-headed windows, replaced with C19 2-light windows with plate tracery; large C18 aedicule monument between windows has very weathered insciption. Chancel has pointed lancets of 1881 and probable lepers' window, although this appears to be in a blocked priest's entrance. Vestry was formerly the vicar's tower, reduced in height and gabled over, probably in 1713; remains of a blocked C15 window; round-headed C18 windows, upper floor C19 sash window with glazing bars in east end. Interior: 3-bay north aisle arcade of pointed arches on octagonal columns with stiff-leaf capitals (columns collapsed when tower was built in 1360 and had to be rebuilt). Open timber roof to nave of 1881. C19 stained glass. C19 chancel arch, aumbry recess; east sanctuary wall has entrance to vestry right and sculptured corbel stone from Roman Fort to left. Early C20 furnishings and fittings. C18 font on C19 shaft. One of a small number of fortified churches in the border area, unique in having 2 fortified towers. See unpublished notes by B.C. Jones, Burgh by Sands, History of Church, 1978, Cumbria County Record Office."

evidence:-	old print:- placename:- St Michael's Church item:- religion
source data:-	Print, uncoloured engraving, ... and Plan ... in the Tower of Burgh on the Sands Church ie St Michael's Church, Burgh by Sands, Cumberland, published by T Cadell and W Davies, Strand, London, 1816. click to enlarge PR0558.jpg printed at lower caption:- "2. Plan of the Ground Floor. 3. Plan of the upper Chamber, in the Tower of Burgh on the Sands Church." printed at bottom right:- "Published by T. Cadell &W. Davies, Strand." click to enlarge PR0559.jpg item:- Dove Cottage : 2008.107.507 Image © see bottom of page

	cross slabs

notes:-	Described in:-
	Butler, Lawrence (ed): 2011: Church Notes of Sir Stephen Glynne for Cumbria, 1833-1872: CWAAS:: ISBN 978 1 873124 52 9
	Extracted from the original notes made by Sir Stephen, now in Deiniol's Library, Hawarden, Flintshire, contact through Flintshire Record Office

	BUF24.jpg Organ by George Osmond and Co, Taunton. (taken 11.3.2011) BUF25.jpg Organ builder:- "GEO. OSMUND &CO. / TAUNTON." (taken 11.3.2011) BMA88.jpg Coat of arms, Thomas Kay Barnes, 1898:- "NEC TIMIDE NEC TEMERE" (taken 5.5.2006) BZY67.jpg Mothers Union banner (taken 28.2.2014) BZY68.jpg Pew in the sanctuary. (taken 28.2.2014) BZY70.jpg Stained glass, plaque commemorating the jubilee of Queen Victoria, 1897. (taken 28.2.2014) BMA89.jpg Stone carved with a celtic head, probably from the civil settlement around the roman fort. (taken 5.5.2006) CCO35.jpg Carved stone in the tower. (taken 6.3.2015) BMA84.jpg (taken 5.5.2006)

	BMA86.jpg Door, an iron yett, to the church tower. (taken 5.5.2006) BZY63.jpg Door, an iron yett, to the church tower. (taken 28.2.2014) BZY64.jpg Bolt on the iron yett. (taken 28.2.2014) BMA83.jpg The church tower is fortified. (taken 5.5.2006)

	BUF21.jpg Millennium Banner, map of Burgh by Sands. (taken 11.3.2011) Click to enlarge BUF22.jpg Millennium Banner, map of Burgh by Sands. (taken 11.3.2011)

notes:-	The site of the church is within a roman fort. Stones from the fort, nearby Hadrian's Wall, and the vicus were all likely used in its building in or before the 12th century. The present aisle dates from the 13th century; roman stone was used for building the tower in the 14th century; there was considerable restoration in 1881.
	The west tower is a fortified tower, a response to the Border Wars.
	: : church leaflet

notes:-	fortified church tower
	Perriam, D R &Robinson, J: 1998: Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria: CWAAS:: ISBN 1 873124 23 6; plan and illustrations

	dedication
person:-	: St Michael
place:-	Burgh by Sands / Carlisle Diocese

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