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Transcription of Harriet
Martineau's Complete Guide to the English Lakes,
1855
This transcription and notes are from A Complete Guide to
the English Lakes, by Harriet Martineau, published by John
Garnett, Windermere, Westmorland, and by Whittaker and Co,
London, 2nd edn 1855. The copy used is in the Armitt
Library, item A1159.
source type: Martineau 1855
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title page |
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Transcription
The transcript of the body text is made into records page
by page, ignoring the problems that a section or sentence
might be split across page breaks. Each page will be
presented as a separate web page. The original markers for
footnotes are replaced in the transcript by a serial number
within each page. Marginals have been added during
transcription and editing.
Somewhen, the text, at present in MODES for Windows
records, will migrate to MODES xml. At this change the Text
Encoding Initiative (TEI) will be considered, though that
methodology is biased towards academic study of 'Literature'
rather than everyday text. TEI would mark up the whole text
as one document, the particular arrangement into pages for
an edition treated as a subsidiary feature. I need to have
smaller units as records, which will become html pages. The
book here is being treated as an object in its own right,
rather than a text which just happens to be in a book.
Some of the exact typesetting has been ignored, though
italics and some special characters are indicated using html
markup. Hyphenation across lines has been removed, judging
as well as I am able to retain the hyphen where it likely
belongs, comparing with the same word elsewhere in the text
if possible. A word split across pages is left that way, but
the beginning part of the word is added as inferred data to
its continuation on the following page.
Peculiarities of spelling and grammar are preserved; they
might be confirmed by '(sic)', but not always: I have typed
and have proof read as accurately as I can.
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Text Indexing
Keywords for indexing the text have been recorded, as
well as I am able: mostly using today's placenames rather
than the text's version; recognising unnamed places if
possible; using locality type terms if nothing else is
possible, in particular trying to spot 'stations' ie special
viewpoints; indexing objects and topics only if useful.
Thus, I have tried to interpret and understand the text to
make the indexing helpful and comprehensible in today's
world; a basic rule is 'would you want this page if you were
searching with this keyword?' The placename spellings of the
text are put into the Old Cumbria Gazetteer, where all sorts
of spellings are indexed. References to different rocks are
mostly indexed by the keyword geology, as I am not always
able to make a reliable interpretation of rock names.
Botanical names are indexed with spellings standardsised to
today's pattern, but no attempt has been made to regularise
the binomial to a modern term.
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placenames
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If Martineau's placename is similar but not exactly the
same, index under the regularised form, eg:-
Crummock Water = Crummock
Lake.
If there is probably confusion, then add a locality term
to the placename, eg:-
Raven Crag, Longsleddale
using the place identifier in the standard gazetteer. For
streams this might appear as:-
Sour Milk Gill (2)
If Martineau's placename is really different then record
two keywords, eg:-
Bleaberry Tarn = Burtness
Tarn
The first explains what the regularised term refers to,
the second indexes Martineau's term which would otherwise be
unfindable.
Uncertainty is marked by an added detail:-
Tarn How (?)
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directory
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Person and place names in the directory section are not
indexed; mostly, a few significant places and persons have
been indexed on an ad hoc basis. The places are mostly too
'local' for the general purpose of the Lake Guides project.
Relevant material might be xtracted to a gazetteer
entry.
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Gazetteer Extracts
Chunks of text relevant to each place are extracted and
gathered together, and loaded into the record for the place
in a gazetteer. This is much easier to use for a place than
searching through pages in the guide book; you can go to the
original text and read it all in context if you wish. The
gazetteer is arranged using standard placename spellings,
today's version of the placename, but will be indexable on
all sorts of spellings, and by other place data. The
gazetteer can also hold extracts from other sources, and map
square images.
Not all keywords allocated to the text will prompt a
gazetteer entry. Some places in the text will be
unidentifiable some keywords are for other topics than
places, char, botanical species, rocks, etc.
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Stations
Harriet Martineau makes little formal use of 'stations'
as were proposed by Thomas West in his Guide to the Lakes,
1778. Good viewpoints from which to appreciate a view are
suggested, and might be considered as stations. The
gazetteer entries, and indexing keywords, use the term
'station' followed with a pertinent placename when this
seems a useful thing to do.
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Binomial Names
In her botanical names, Harriet Martineau does not always
follow the regular pattern of leading capitals that we
recognise today. In many instances she does have a leading
capital for the Genus and not for the species, which is
today's normal practice. When a genus is repeated he might
or might not indicate this with a capital letter
abbreviation. I have followed the spelling accurately, I
hope; I suspect the typesetter had difficulty with the Latin
names as I do. None of the variations are marked by
'(sic)'.
The pattern of a leading capital for genus but not for
species is a recent convention. The preface of Clapham,
Tutin and Warburg, 1952, has:-
In the spelling of certain specific epithets it has been
customary to use an initial capital letter when the epithet
concerned is derived from a personal name or is a noun, e.g.
the name of another genus, or the pre-Linnean name for the
plant. This custom is not made obligatory by the
International Rules of Nomenclature but is mentioned in a
recommendation attached to these Rules. The use of the
initial capital has certain advantages; for instance it
conveys some information about the origin of the name and
explains the apparent lack of grammatical agreement between
a generic name and a specific epithet which appears when
written with a small initial letter to be adjectival (e.g.
Selinum Carvifolia). We found upon inquiry, however, that
many botanists in this country prefer, as a matter of
convenience, to drop the initial capital. We have therefore
adopted small initial letters for all specific epithets in
the body of the book, but have indicated those which are
commonly spelled with capitals.
For indexing the modern style of spelling is used. And, I
have tried to correct spelling mistakes eg Isoetes
laustris, left unchanged in the text, is indexed
Isoetes lacustris.
Gazetteer Extracts?
The botanical data is NOT used for gazetteer extracts.
Instead an attempt has been made to tabulate the data by
???:-
binomial / common name / habitat / placename
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binomial
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as given, no attempt to modernise.
The few missing binomials have been added, using modern
terms, marked by being in [ ]s.
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common name
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as given, except put into lowercase and unecessary
hyphens removed to match other conventions in this
project.
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habitat
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a simple list of keywords, sometimes deduced rather
uncertainly from Jonathan Otley's information, some detail
kept in ( )s.
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placename
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standardised terms, matching the gazetteer.
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All this means that what you get is not what Jonathan
Otley wrote: if you want his form of words you will have to
look at the original text. If the data is not edited it
remains a confusing muddle, edited it is no longer the
original data.
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Following Martineau ???
The descriptions of routes use no grid references of
locations. Travel was by foot and horseback and carriage, on
roads and tracks that will have changed, perhaps improved
perhaps faded away; though paths are remarkably
longlived.
When travelling around, Harriet Martineau could likely
presume on other residents. She could ask to cross their
private grounds, stand in their gardens for views, and so
on. Today this is not possible. As an individual you may be
well behaved, even gentlemanly, but the number of people
wanting to see what there is to see, is too great for access
to be granted so easily to private land.
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