|
|
|
|
|
back to object record
|
|
|
|
|
MAP FEATURES
|
|
Published 74 years later, giving no credit to its origins,
the map is a clear copy of Jonathan Otley's map of 1818. The
differences that strike the eye immediately are: the sea and
lake areas are tinted a bold blue; railways are shown by
bold black lines; there is a piano key border; and the new
publisher's name is in the title cartouche. The map is
edited, fewer lakes are named, for instance. But the
geographical area shown is the same, the general content,
north point, diagram of mountain heights, etc, are all from
Otley's original. Maps in later editions of the Red Guide
are usually by John Bartholomew, Edinburgh.
|
|
An overlay of Otley's map, red, on the Red Guide map, black,
shows the similarities and differences:-
|
|
|
|
The Red Guide copy has the same choice of content re-drawn
from the original.
|
|
|
|
map folding
|
The map is zigzag folded up from the bottom and then
zigzag folded in from the right, and appears to have been
tipped into the guide book awkwardly. It is loose from its
book, but was probably a frontispiece. Creases in the map
are beginning to tear, edges are a little crumpled, and the
map has a tear which might have been made when unfolding it
from its awkward mounting.
|
|
|
|
piano key border
|
The map has a piano key border.
|
|
|
|
title cartouche
plain cartouche
|
Printed lower left in a plain octagonal cartouche:-
THE DISTRICT OF THE LAKES
WARD, LOCK & Co. PUBLISHERS. London & New York.
|
|
|
|
orientation
north point
magnetic deviation
|
Printed left below centre is a north point; N-S line, E-W
cross line, North marked by a fleur de lys, East and West
labelled by letter.
A line labelled:-
Magnetic Needle
shows the magnetic deviation at about 26d W, correct in
the early 19th century; the deviation in 1818 was 24.64d W,
in 1892 about 17.52d W.
|
|
|
|
scale line
scale
|
Printed lower middle is a scale of:-
Miles
chequered and labelled in miles. The 10 miles = 62.9 mm
gives a scale 1 to 255858. The map scale is about:-
1 to 260000
4 miles to 1 inch
|
|
|
|
lat and long scales
|
In the map borders there are scales of latitude and
longitude for a trapezoidal projection; chequered in
minutes, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The degrees are
labelled in roman uppercase numerals; III for 3d W, and LIV
for 54d N, though the latter is not a scale marking but just
a hint to the reader. The map includes from 2d 40m to 3d 8m
W, from 54d 2m to 54d 47m N; ; the Lakes cutting off
Cumberland north of Sebergham, and Cumberland and
Westmorland east of Shap.
|
|
|
|
sea area
sea tinted
|
The sea area is colour printed blue. A couple of sea
areas are labelled:-
THE IRISH SEA
MORECAMBE BAY
|
|
|
|
coast line
coast shaded
sandbanks
headlands
harbours
lighthouses
|
The coast line is emphasised by two layers of shading
into the offing from the edge of the foreshore shallows. The
foreshore area is lightly dotted, and some areas are
labelled, eg:-
Lancaster Sands
Cartmel Wharf
Duddon Sands
A few rocks are marked by crosses (+) off the Isle of
Walney.
A couple of headlands are labelled:-
Heads [St Bees]
Humphrey Head
Harbours are not noticed but the channel into Barrow is
clearly drawn, and there is a railway spur down to the coast
there. The harbour moles at Whitehaven can be seen, if you
look closely.
On St Bees Head is a tower labelled:-
Lt. House
|
|
|
|
rivers
bridges
|
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering inland. Some
rivers are labelled, eg:-
Duddon River
River Kent
Mint R.
In at least one instance, River Eden, where there is
uncertainty, the direction of the stream is shown by an
arrow.
Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a
stream. There are some bridge names, which might be
settlement or bridge names, eg:-
Penny Bridge
Newby Bridge
Pooley Bridge
Some rivers or their estuaries are crossed by
railways.
Waterfalls might be marked by chevrons across the stream
as at Lodore, and perhaps labelled, as at:-
Scale Force
|
|
|
|
lakes
|
Lakes are drawn in outline with the shore line shaded,
some lakes have a blue tint, some islands are drawn, some
lakes are named:-
BASSENTHWAITE
Blea Tarn [Langdales]
Blelham Tarn
Brother Water
Burnmoor Tarn
CONISTON
Crummock
DERWENT
Devoke Water
Elter Water
Esthwaite water
Floutern
Hawes Water
LOWESWATER
Over water
Thirlmere
ULLS WATER
WINDER MERE
Other lakes and tarns can be recognised, eg:-
Angle Tarn, Borrowdale
Angle Tarn, Martindale
Beacon Tarn
Bigland Tarn
Blea Tarn, Borrowdale
Blea Tarn, Eskdale
Blea Water
Bleaberry Tarn
Blind Tarn
Bowscale Tarn
Buttermere
Codale Tarn
Easedale tarn
Eel Tarn
Ennerdale Water
Goat Water
Grasmere
Greendale Tarn
Grisedale Tarn
Hayes Water
Helton Tarn
Keppelcove Tarn
Levers Water
Little Tarn
Little Langdale Tarn
Loughrigg Tarn
Low Tarn
Low Water
Mockerkin Tarn
Out Dubs Tarn
Red Tarn
Rydal Water
Scales Tarn
Scoat Tarn
Seathwaite Tarn
Skeggles Water
Small Water
Sprinkling Tarn
Stony Tarn
Styhead Tarn
Tarns, The
Wast Water
Watendleth Tarn
[blue splodge by Revelin, a mistake]
|
|
|
|
relief
hill hachuring
|
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. The varying
boldness hints at greater hilliness in some areas. Some
mountains and hills are named, eg:-
Ill Bell
HELVELLYN
Potter Fell
Carrock
A number of valleys are named, eg:-
LONG SLEDDALE
ESK DALE
Dunnerdale
And some passes are named, eg:-
Kirkstone
Gate Scarth
Stake
|
|
|
|
woods
parks
|
A little woodland is indicated by tree symbols, for
example at Lowther, and more obviously marking the park at
Greystoke.
There is no label around:-
Gowbarrow Parks
|
|
|
|
county
|
A county boundary might be drawn by a fine dotted line,
but is not continued along other features marking the
bounds. County areas are labelled, eg:-
WESTMORLAND
|
|
|
|
settlements
|
Settlements are marked by blocks or groups of blocks,
perhaps a cross for a church, differentiated by style of
labelling.
|
|
towns |
blocks, and perhaps a cross; labelled in upright block
caps, eg:-
KENDAL
AMBLESIDE
SHAP
|
|
|
|
|
villages |
block or block and/or a cross; labelled in italic block
caps, eg:-
CONISTON
GOSFORTH
LOWICK
|
|
|
|
|
hamlets |
block and maybe a cross for a chapel; labelled in italic
lowercase text, eg:-
Satterthwaite
Lazonby
Notice the block labelled:-
Scrogs
at Loughrigg. This is a single farm house, and was the
birthplace of Jonathan Otley who first drew this map.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
roads
sands roads
|
A network of roads is drawn by double lines. More
important roads are wider and might have one bold line.
Dotted lines indicate either an unfenced road, or poorer
quality track.
Sands roads are shown by a double dotted line: across
Lancaster Sands, from Hest Bank to Kents Bank; across
Ulverston Sands, from near Holker to Canal Foot, Ulverston;
and across Duddon Sands, from Ireleth towards Millom.
|
|
|
|
canals
|
Canals are drawn by a double line. The two canals in the
area of the map are both shown.
|
|
Lancaster Canal |
from the south through Lancaster, Lancashire; to Kendal,
Westmorland; notice the locks at Tewitfield. Labelled:-
The Lancaster Canal
|
|
|
|
|
Ulverston Canal |
from Ulverston to the coast, labelled:-
Canal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
railways
|
Railways are drawn by a bold black line which appears to
have been drawn over a line with cross ties, perhaps someone
changed their mind? A station might be shown by a circle.
Some railways are labelled, eg:-
Lancaster and Carlisle railway
Furness railway
M & Carlisle Railway
|
|
|
|
miscellaneous
|
|
|
|
|
inns
|
Some inns are labelled, eg:-
Plough [on Kendal to Shap road, Selside]
Wheatsheaf [W of Bassenthwaite]
It is not clear whether
Huck's
is an inn or just a house.
|
|
|
|
antiquities
stone circles
|
A 'circle' of dots by Keswick, Castlerigg Stone Circle,
is labelled:-
Druid Stones
|
|
|
|
mines
black lead mines
lead mines
|
At Seathwaite there is:-
Wad Mine
and up Glenridding:-
Ld. Mine
|
|
|
|
religious houses
|
A dot labelled:-
Abbey
is Shap Abbey, and the same label marks an abbey symbol
for Calder Abbey.
|
|
|
|
castles
|
An unlabelled castle symbol is used to mark Brougham
Castle. The symbol is labelled at:-
Peel Castle
|
|
|
|
stones
|
The:-
Bowder Stone
is labelled, and marked by a block.
|