Otley 1818
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| MAP FEATURES | ||
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title cartouche
plain cartouche map maker engraver |
Printed on a paper label on the slip case:-
A NEW MAP OF THE LAKES IN Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire, WITH THE HEIGHTS OF THE PRINCIPAL HILLS, EXHIBITED AT ONE VIEW. Constructed by J. OTLEY: Engraved by J. MENZIES. 1818. Printed in a plain title cartouche, lower left:- The District of the LAKES By J. Otley KESWICK 1818. Printed bottom right:- Engraved by J. & G. Menzies, Edinr. |
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orientation
north point magnetic deviation |
Printed left below centre is a north point; N-S line, E-W
cross line, North marked by half a fleur de lys, East and
West labelled by letters. A line shows the:-
Magnetic Deviation marked with the other half fleur de lys. The deviation is 26d W. |
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scale line
scale |
Printed lower centre is a scale of:-
Miles. chequered and labelled in miles. The 10 miles = 61.5 mm gives a scale 1 to 261682 assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 260000 4 miles to 1 inch |
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| lat and long scales |
Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and
longitude for a trapezoidal projection; chequered at
minutes, labelled at ten minute intervals. The degrees are
labelled in roman numerals. The map includes from 2d 39m to
3d 7m W, from 54d 0m to 54d 43m N. The map includes most of
the Lake District: north to High Pike and Over Water; South
down to Glasson, so that Lancaster and the peninsulas are
shown; east to Shap.
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sea area
sea plain |
The sea area is plain, labelled:-
The IRISH SEA |
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coast line
foreshore sandbanks headlands harbours |
The coast line is unemphasised. Foreshore shallows are
indicated by dotted ares, as are sandbanks and 'sands',
eg:-
Lancaster Sands Cartmel Wharf One headland is labelled:- Heads at St Bees. Harbours are not labelled, but notice the clearly drawn channel to Barrow, and two harbour moles at Whitehaven. |
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rivers
bridges ferries |
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering upstream. Some
rivers are labelled, eg:-
Leven R. Duddon River Bridges are implied by a road crossing and interrupting a stream. But also notice bridges marked on the River Leven at Buckbarrow and below, where the bridge is marked detached from the road network. Bridges might be labelled, eg:- Penny Bridge Newby B. Roads either side of Windermere make it clear that there is a crossing, marked:- Ferry |
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| lakes |
Lakes are drawn in outline, the interior shaded, or just
the shore shaded. They might be labelled:-
BASSENTHWAITE Blea Tarn [Langdale] BUTTERMERE Conistone Water Crummock DERWENT Devoke Water Elterwater ENNERDALE Esthwaite Water Floutern Hawes Water LOWESWATER Over Water Thirlmere or Leathes W. Ulls Water Wast Water WINDER MERE Other lakes and tarns might be recognised:- Angle Tarn [Martindale] Angle Tarn [on Bowfell] Beacon Tarn Blea Tarn [above Watendlath] Blea Water Bleaberry tarn Blelham Tarn Bowscale Tarn Brothers Water Burnmoor Tarn Codale Tarn Easedale Tarn Goat Tarn Grasmere Grisedale Tarn Hayes Water Kentmere Tarn Keppel Cove Tarn Levers Water Little Langdale Tarn Loughrigg Tarn Low Tarn Red Tarn Rydal Water Scales Tarn Seathwaite Tarn Skeggles Water Small Water Sprinkling Tarn Styhead Tarn Urswick Tarn Watendlath Tarn [? in Wythburn Fells] |
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relief
hill hachuring |
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring; larger mountains
have darker hachures. Some hills are labelled, eg:-
Potter Fell HELVELLYN Cawsey Pike Hard Knot |
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| county |
The county boundary is a dotted line, often not continued
alongside another feature that marks the boundary. County
areas are tinted: Westmorland green, Cumberland yellow,
Lancashire pink. And are labelled, eg:-
WESTMORLAND |
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| settlements |
Settlements are marked by blocks or groups of blocks,
differentiated by style of labelling.
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| towns |
blocks; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
AMBLESIDE SHAP |
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| villages |
blocks; labelled in italic block caps, eg:-
LOWICK FINSTHWAITE |
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| hamlets |
a block; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Crook Staveley |
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Upright lowercase text is used for other features, like
hills, rivers, tarns, etc. Upright block caps might also be
used for other features.
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roads
sands roads |
Roads are drawn by double lines, solid or dotted. The
dotted probably marks tracks. Wider roads may have bold and
light lines.
Sands roads are marked by dotted lines:- from Hest Bank, across Lancaster Sands, to Kents Bank. from near Flookborough, across Leven sands, to the coast near Ulverston. across the Esk Estuary to Ravenglass. |
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| canals |
Canals are drawn by a double line, bold light. Only one
canal is shown:-
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| Lancaster Canal |
from the south, through Lancaster,
Lancashire; to Kendal, Westmorland.
The Lancaster and Kendal Canal |
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