Linton 1852 map
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title
engraver publisher |
Printed lower right:-
MAP OF THE LAKE DISTRICT AND THE West Cumberland and West Coast RAILWAYS shewing their connections with BELFAST AND THE NORTH as well as with YORKSHIRE and the SOUTH OF ENGLAND. Printed bottom right:- Engd. by W. H. Lizars, Edinr. |
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orientation
north point up is NW |
Printed upper right is a north point; lines for cardinal
and half cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de
lys. The map is printed with North West roughly at the top
of the sheet.
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scale line
scale |
The map has a scale line printed lower right. The 25
miles = 104.1 mm gives a scale 1 to 386490 assuming a
statute mile. The map scale is about:-
1 to 390000 6 miles to 1 inch |
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sea area
sea plain |
The sea are is plan, some areas labelled, eg:-
IRISH SEA SOLWAY FIRTH |
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coast line
coast form lines foreshore sands |
The coast line is emphasised by form lines.
One area of foreshore shallows in an estuary is labelled:- Duddon Sands |
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rivers
bridges |
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering upstream. Some
rivers are labelled, eg:-
River Lune River Eden Some bridges are implied by a road crossing and interrupting a stream, but only one or two are labelled, eg:- Newby Bridge Other bridge names are implied by a settlement placename, as at Pooley Bridge. |
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| lakes |
Lakes are drawn in outline, with form lines. Some are
labelled:-
Bassenthwaite Buttermere Lake Coniston L. Crummock Derwent W. Devock Water Ennerdale Water Esthwaite W. Hawes W. Lowes W. Thirlmere Ulles Water Wast Water Windermere Other lakes might be recognised, eg:- Angle Tarn (?) Blea Water (?) Brothers Water Burnmoor Tarn Grasmere Hayes Water Kentmere Tarn (?) Rydal Water |
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relief
hill hachuring |
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. Some hills are
labelled, eg:-
Skiddaw Kidsty Pike The hills are clustered in the central lakes area, but there is no real impression of the shape of the district. |
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| parks |
Some parks are drawn by an outline with a greyed
interior. A park might be labelled, or named by its house,
eg:-
Greystock Park Levens Hall |
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| county |
Counties are not noticed. But notice the:-
Three Shire Stones |
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| settlements |
Settlements are marked by a circle, differentiated by
style of lettering. The grading might relate to the
importance of the place for the railways, not to their size
etc.
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cities
towns |
circle; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
CARLISLE AMBLESIDE KENDAL |
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| towns |
circle; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
Ravenglass Maryport |
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| villages |
circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Birthwaite [where Windermere is now] Shap Kirkby Stephen Orton Stations on the railway, separate from a settlement are marked by a dot and labelled the same way. |
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| roads |
Roads are drawn by a double line. Only more important
routes are shown.
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| railways |
Railways are drawn by a bold line. Stations are marked by
a small dot or a circle for a settlement, these are mostly
shown on the Furness lines. The lines are labelled.
The railways of Cumbria are listed below, there are more lines shown on the map. |
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| Newcastle and Carlisle Railway |
Authorised 1829, opened 1836.
from the east, Northumberland; to Carlisle, Cumberland. Labelled:- NEWCASTLE & CARLISLE RY. |
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Maryport and Carlisle Railway
Whitehaven Junction Railway |
Authorised 1837, opened completely by 1845; AND
authorised 1844, opened 1847.
from Carlisle, through Wigton, to Maryport, Cumberland AND from Maryport, through Workington to Whitehaven, Cumberland. Labelled:- MARYPORT AND CARLISLE RAILWAY |
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| Lancaster and Carlisle Railway |
Authorised 1844, opened 1846.
from the south, through Lancaster, and Carnforth, Lancashire; near Kendal - no station shown, Westmorland; then Penrith, to Carlisle, Cumberland. Labelled:- LANCASTER AND CARLISLE RAILWAY |
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| Kendal and Windermere Railway |
Authorised 1845, opened 1846.
from a junction on the Lancaster and Carlisle railway, through Kendal to Birthwaite - which is now grown to be Windermere, Westmorland. Labelled:- KENDAL AND WINDERMERE RAILY. |
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| Furness Railway |
Authorised 1844, opened 1846 - but that is too simple a
statement for a complex set of lines which became the main
railway of the Cumbrian coast.
from Ulverston, Lancashire; through Dalton to a junction near Furness Abbey, Cumberland AND from Broughton to Piel, Cumberland AND from Broughton to Barrow, Cumberland. Labelled:- FURNESS RAILWAY |
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| Cockermouth and Workington Railway |
Authorised 1845, opened 1847.
from Cockermouth to Workington, Cumberland. Labelled:- COCKERMOUTH AND WORKINGTON |
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| Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway |
Incorporated 1845, opened 1849-50.
from Whitehaven, through Ravenglass, to Broughton, Cumberland. A planned short route across the Duddon Estuary is shown by a dotted line. Labelled:- WHITEHAVEN AND FURNESS JUNCTION |
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Ulverstone and Lancaster Railway
Furness and Midland Joint Railway |
Authorised 1851.
from Ulverston, to Carnforth, Lancashire; AND from Carnforth eastward. Note the spellings of Ulverston. Shown dotted. Labelled:- ULVERSTON & LANCASTER RAILY. |
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| Border Union Railway |
Authorised 1859, opened 1861; later than the date of the
map, which presumably shows aspirations rather than
reality.
from Carlisle, Cumberland; to the north. Labelled:- CALEDONIAN RAILWAY |
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