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back to object record
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MAP FEATURES
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title
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Printed lower left:-
A NEW MAP OF THE LAKES, in WESTMORELAND CUMBERLAND &c.
The map has lost its bottom edge, which may have had map
maker and engraver information.
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orientation
compass rose
up is N
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Printed upper left is a compass rose; no circle, star
points for cardinal, and lines for half cardinal directions,
North marked by a fleur de lys, South marked by an arrow.
The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
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scale line
scale
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Printed lower left below the title is a scale line
of:-
Statute Miles
divided and labelled in miles. The 8 miles = 51.3 mm
gives a scale 1 to 250970. The map scale is about:-
1 to 250000
4 miles to 1 inch
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lat and long
lat and long scales
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The border lines have labelled marks at 5 minute
intervals, scales of latitude and longitude, for a
trapezoidal projection. The map includes from about 2d 17m
to 3d 6m W, from 53d 59m to 55d 9m N; most of Westmorland
and Cumberland, and Lancashire North of the Sands, and a
little bit of Yorkshire, etc.
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sea area
sea plain
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The sea area is plain, with some areas labelled, eg:-
SOLWAY FIRTH
IRISH SEA
Wampool Bay
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coast line
coast tinted
headlands
harbours
sands
lighthouses
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The coast line is emphasised by a blue tint (now faded to
a shade of green).
Some headlands are labelled, eg:-
Grune Point
St. Bees Head
Some harbours are noticed, eg:-
Harrington Harb.
and others are recognisable, for example at
Whitehaven.
Foreshore sands are not marked, but notice the sands
roads across Kent, Leven, and Duddon Estuaries. One area is
labelled:-
Lancaster Sands
A tower of St Bees Head is labelled:-
Light House
and at the south tip of Walney Island is:-
Light Ho.
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rivers
bridges
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Rivers are drawn by wiggly line tapering upstream. Many
rivers and tributaries are shown, some labelled, eg:-
R. Derwent
Caldew R.
A broad stream, the Leven out of Windermere for instance,
might be drawn by wider with a grey line.
A waterfall might be labelled, eg:-
Colwith Force
Low Dore Waterfall
Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a
stream. Some are labelled, eg:-
Newby Bridge
Pooley Br.
Bowdray Bridge
South of Alston a waterfall is marked by two lines across
the stream, labelled:-
Waterfall
and some other falls are named, eg:-
Scale Force
Colwith Force
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lakes
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Lakes are drawn in outline, larger lakes tinted blue,
others with the area pecked. Some are labelled:-
Bassenthwaite W. [blue]
Brothers Water
Buttermere Wr. [blue]
Coniston Water [blue]
Crummock Water [blue]
Derwent Water [blue]
Eastwaite Water [blue]
Elter Water [blue]
Ennerdale Wr. [blue]
Grasmere Lake [blue]
Hawes W. [blue]
Kent Mere Tarn [blue]
Kings Water [NE of Brampton]
Lowes W. [blue]
Over Water [SW of Uldale]
Sparkling Tarn
Sunbiggin Tarn
Talkin Tarn
Thirle Water [blue]
ULLES WATER [blue]
Wast Water [blue]
WINDERMERE [blue]
others might be recognised, eg:-
decoy pond [Lowther]
Rydal Water [run into Grasmere]
Skeggles Water
Whinfell Tarn (?)
etc.
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relief
hill hachuring
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Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. Some hills are
labelled, eg:-
Pillar
Saddleback
Cross Fell
Sca Fell
Cold Peak
A valley might be labelled, eg:-
Sleddale [Wet Sleddale]
While bigger hills are more heavily hachured, giving some
sense of size, the overall effect suggests hilliness in the
central Lake District and the Pennines, and no more.
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beacons
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At least to beacons are noticed. On the hill north of
Penrith is a drawing of a tower, labelled:-
Beacon
and on the south side of Thackmoor Fell, NE of Kirk
Oswald, is:-
Daffenside Beacon
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forests
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Woodland is not indicated, but some forest areas are
labelled, eg:-
Westward Forest
NICHOL FOREST
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parks
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Some parks are drawn in outline, with fence palings.
Where another feature, perhaps a river, is the boundary the
fence palings are not shown. The park might be labelled, or
named by a great house, eg:-
Gowbarrow P.
High Park
Brougham Hall
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county
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County boundaries are a fine dotted line, except where
another feature is used, a river perhaps. Each county has a
tint along the inside of its boundary; Westmorland red,
Cumberland yellow, Northumberland green, Yorkshire yellow,
Lancashire green. The county areas are labelled, eg:-
WESTMORELAND
CUMBERLANDCOMMENT3 The northern tip of Cumberland, and the
eastern parts of Westmorland are cut off from this map of
the lakes area; this is not a county map.
Notice the hill on the county boundary WNW of Alston
called:-
Meerlaw Hill
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settlements
town walls
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Settlements are marked by blocks or groups of blocks,
perhaps a cross (+) for a church, differentiated by style of
labelling.
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cities |
group of blocks; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
CARLISLE
The town wall is clearly shown here.
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towns |
groups of blocks, perhaps a cross; labelled in italic
block caps, eg:-
PENRITH
AMBLESIDE
ORTON
but notice:-
KENDAL
APPLEBY
in upright caps as the de facto and de jure county towns.
The blocks and roads might be arranged as a street plan, as
at Kendal and Penrith. Some of the places shown as towns
might not have been market towns?
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villages |
blocks, perhaps a cross; labelled in upright lowercase
text, eg:-
Bampton
Gt. Asby
Natland
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hamlets |
block or blocks, perhaps a cross which does not
necessarily mean a parish; labelled in italic lowercase
text, eg:-
Docker
Stockdale
Knip
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The interpretation as city, town, village, hamlet, is
uncertain. The last style of lettering is used generally for
various features on the map.
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roads
sands roads
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A network of roads is drawn by double line, bold light,
some tinted red, and by single line.
The sands roads are drawn by a dotted line, with red
tint. From Hest Bank to Kents Bank across Lancaster Sands;
and the:-
Guides House
labelled just up the coast. Across the Leven Sands; and
on the Ulverston coast is:-
Carters House
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canals
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Canals are drawn by triple line, light bold light. The
following canals are shown:-
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Ulverston Canal |
from near Ulverston to the coast.
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Lancaster Canal |
from south of Lancaster, close round the city, to Kendal.
And branches: from about Borwick, to Walton; and from
Galgate to the Lune Estuary.
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miscellaneous
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mines
coal mines
lead mines
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SE of Hornby, Lancashire, is a label:-
Coal Pits
On the west side of Derwent Water is:-
Lead Mine
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quarries
slate quarries
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At the head of the Troutbeck Valley is:-
Slate Quarry
which could be the quarry in Kentmere Valley? And south
of Skelwith is:-
Flag Quarry
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inns
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Some inns are noticed, eg:-
Greyhound [Shap]
Royal Oak [NE of Caldbeck]
Castle Inn [near Armathwaite Hall]
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stones
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Some stones are labelled, eg:-
Dunmail Raise Stones
Bowderstone
Hollin Stone [? SE of Bampton]
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caves
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Notice:-
Douk Cave
on Ingleborough.
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crosses
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A cross symbol NE of Melmerby is labelled:-
Hartside Cross
And a pillar is drawn labelled:-
Kemings Cross
in Northumberland.
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antiquities
stone circles
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A circle marks the Castlerigg Stone Circle,
labelled:-
Druids Circle
And:-
Arthurs Round Table
is labelled.
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antiquities
roman sites
roman forts
roman roads
roman wall
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Hadrian's Wall is marked by a broad grey line, shaded at
the bottom, from Bowness, past Carlisle and eastward into
Northumberland.
A tower with a flag, south of Kirkandrews is
labelled:-
Roman Fort
There are square symbols with four wings, which remind of
another map's symbols for forts, labelled:-
Whitley [NW of Alston]
Magna Greenwheel [NW of Haltwhistle]
A roman road:-
Maiden way
is drawn from Milburn Grange near Kirkby Thore, across
Cross Fell to near Alston.
There are place names in Latin, eg:-
Gallatum [S of Kirkby Thore]
Voreda [N of Plumpton Wall]
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