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back to object record
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MAP FEATURES
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Most notes are made from the Westmorland map.
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title
publisher
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Printed upper left:-
WESTMORELAND
Printed at the bottom:-
Published by Archd. Fullarton & Co.
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vignettes
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Printed lower right is a vignette scene of:-
BROUGH CASTLE
in a romantic setting, with the River Eden, bridge,
castle, sunset, etc.
The companion map of Cumberland has a vignette scene of
Carlisle in which can be seen the Citadel, Carlisle
Cathedral, Carlisle Castle, Eden Bridge, River Eden,
etc.
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orientation
compass rose
up is N
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Printed upper right is a compass rose; no circle, star
points for the cardinal directions, lines for half cardinal
directions, North marked by a spear point. The map is
printed with North at the top of the sheet.
The Cumberland map is also printed with North at the top,
but, suiting their shapes, Westmorland would have been the
right way up as the atlas pages were turned, Cumberland
would have been on its side.
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scale line
scale
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Printed lower left is a scale line of:-
English Miles.
chequered in miles, labelled at 2 mile intervals. the 10
miles = 47.1 mm, gives a map scale 1 to 341687 assuming a
statute mile. the map scale is about:-
1 to 340000
5.5 miles to 1 inch
Fitted on the same size page in an atlas, the Cumberland
map scale is about 8 miles to 1 inch.
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lat and long
lat and long scales
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printed in the map borders are scale of latitude and
longitude for a slightly slanted rectangular projection;
chequered in 2 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute
intervals. The bottom scale is labelled:-
Longitude West from Greenwich
The map includes from 2d 4m to 3d 14m W, from 54d 0m to
54d 32m N; the whole of Westmorland.
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coast line
coast shaded
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A tiny bit of coast line is shown in the Kent Estuary,
the area visible shaded and tinted blue.
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rivers
bridges
ferries
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Rivers are drawn by wiggly line tapering upstream. Some
rivers are labelled, eg:-
River Ken
R. Leven
Crowdundle Beck
Lune R.
Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a
stream. None? are labelled.
A dotted line across lake Windermere is labelled:-
Ferry
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lakes
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Lakes are drawn in outline, shaded, and the large lakes
tinted blue. Some are labelled:-
Ulles Water
Winander mere
Grasmere L.
Elter Water
Hawes [Wt]
Reservoir [Killington]
Others might be recognised, eg:-
Rydal Water
Brothers Water (?)
Hayes Water (?)
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relief
hill hachuring
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Relief is indicated by hill hachuring, tinted pale brown.
There is quite a good impression of hilly areas and valleys.
Some hills are labelled, eg:-
Helvellin
Shap Fells
Whitbarrow Scar
Some valleys are labelled, eg:-
Graysdale [Grisedale]
Patterdale
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beacons
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Although not well located, at least one beacon is
noticed:-
Barbon Beacon
Probably naming the hill not the beacon.
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forests
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Wood land is not indicated, but some forest areas are
labelled, eg:-
Milburn Forest
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parks
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Parks are drawn in outline, the interior pecked? and
tinted green, possible labelled, eg:-
Levens Pa.
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county
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The county boundary is a dashed line, sometimes continued
alongside another feature - as by the River Winster,
elsewhere not shown - as in Ullswater. The boundary between
adjacent counties is indicated. County areas have a tint
along their boundary; Westmorland yellow, Lancashire north
of the sands, green, the other part of Lancashire red,
Cumberland red, Durham orange? Yorkshire blue. Adjacent
counties are labelled, eg:-
CUMBERLAND
Very little is shown outwith the county, except Penrith
and Sedbergh for the continuity of roads.
Various features are noticed on the county boundary, in
particular:-
County Stone [Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmorland]
Lady Pillar [SE border]
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wards
table of wards
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Wards, comparable to hundreds, are divided by a fine
dotted boundary line, the areas labelled by number which
keys to a table printed lower left:-
REFERENCE to the WARDS
1 East ward
2 West ward
3 Kendal
4 Lonsdale
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settlements
distances from London
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Settlements are marked by blocks, differentiated by style
of labelling.
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cities |
The Cumberland map in the series labels:-
CARLISLE / 301
in upright block caps.
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towns |
blocks, tinted red; labelled in upright lowercase text,
eg:-
Kendal / 262
Ambleside / 278
except:-
APPLEBY / 270
in italic block caps, as the de jure county town.
Printed lower left is:-
The Figures prefixed to the Towns denote the distance from
London.
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villages
hamlets
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block or blocks, perhaps a cross for a church, perhaps
only the cross; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Crosthwaite
Askham
Applethwaite
Clifton
This style of lettering is used generally for map
features.
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houses
castles
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A house, large or small, might be marked by a block, and
labelled, eg:-
Storrs Hall
Gill Stone [Kilnstones, Longsleddale]
A castle is marked with a square with projecting lines at
each corner, labelled, eg:-
Castle [at Kendal]
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roads
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A network of roads is drawn by double line: broad with
light bold lines, perhaps indicating turnpikes; narrow for
lesser routes.
The destination of some routes is labelled at the county
boundary, eg:-
to Barnard Castle
from Ulverstone
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canals
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A canal is drawn by a triple line, light bold light.
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Lancaster Canal |
from the south, to Kendal.
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miscellaneous
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peat mosses
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A label on the west bank of the Kent Estuary
indicates:-
Peat Mosses
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stones
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At the meet of Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Westmorland
is:-
County Stone
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