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roman fort, Whitley Castle
Epiacum
Whitley Castle
locality:-   Kirkhaugh
county:-   Northumberland
locality type:-   roman fort
coordinates:-   NY69504870
1Km square:-   NY6948
10Km square:-   NY64


photograph
CGL75.jpg (taken 1.9.2017)  

evidence:-   probably old map:- Donald 1774 (Cmd) 
placename:-  Castle
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, 3x2 sheets, The County of Cumberland, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, by Thomas Donald, engraved and published by Joseph Hodskinson, 29 Arundel Street, Strand, London, 1774.
image
D4NY74NW.jpg
"Castle"
square within a square; roman fort 
item:-  Carlisle Library : Map 2
Image © Carlisle Library

evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789 (Gough Additions) 
placename:-  Whitley Castle
placename:-  Alione
item:-  roman inscriptioninscription, romanroman altaraltar, roman
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P205, button  goto source
Page 205:-  "..."
"Whitley castle in Northumberland is the antient ALIONE. The inscription given by Mr. Camden is probably lost, for that now at Appleby is but a copy. It belongs to Caracalla, whose relationship to the several emperors here enumerated is explained by Mr. Ward. Mr. Horsley saw in the hands of Mr. Henry Wallace, of Whitley, proprietor of the site of the station this inscription:"
"VEX. LEG.
XX VV
RE FEC"
"and in a house called Castle-nook, at the south entry of the station another likewise to Caracalla. At Kirkhaugh adjoining in the church-yard is this inscription on an altar:"
"DEAE ME
NERVAE
ET
HERCVLI
VICTOR."
"i.e. Deae Minervae &Herculi Victori."

evidence:-   old text:- Camden 1789
placename:-  Whitley Castle
placename:-  Alone
item:-  roman inscriptioninscription, romanAntonine ItinerariesNotitia Dignitatum
source data:-   Book, Britannia, or A Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, by William Camden, 1586, translated from the 1607 Latin edition by Richard Gough, published London, 1789.
image CAM2P177, button  goto source
Page 177:-  "..."
"... at the confluence of the little river Alon with the Tine before-mentioned on the gentle slope of a hill are traces of a very large old town, defended on the north by four ramparts, and on the west by two. Whitley castle is the present name of this place, in proof of whose antiquity remains this imperfest inscription, in abreviated and complicated characters, by which we learn, that the 3d cohort of the Nervii erected there a palace to the emperor Antoninus son of Severus:"
"IMP. CAES. Lucii Septimi Severi Ara-
BICI. ADIABENICI PARTHICI,
MAX. FIL. DIVI ANTONINI Pii Germanici
SARMA. NEP. DIVI ANTONINI PII PRON.
DIVI HADRIANI ABN. DIVI TRAIANI
PARTH. ET DIVI NERVAE ADNEPOTI.
M. AVRELIO ENTONINO PIO
FEL. AVG. GERMANICO PONT. MAX.
TR. POT.. X.. IMP.... COS.IIII. P. P....
PRO PIETATE AEDE... VOTO...
COMMVNI CVRANTE......
......... LEGATO AVG.
PR... COH. III. NERVIO......
RVM... G. R. POS."
"As the 3rd cohort of the Nervii was stationed here, and by the Notitia is placed at ALIONE, and by Antoninus at ALONE, and the little river that runs by this place is called Alne, we may with great probability suppose this place to have been ALONE, though not with absolute certainty, since the ravages of time and war have almost obliterated all memory of it."

evidence:-   old map:- Ptolemy 1793
placename:-  Epiacum
source data:-   Map, hand coloured engraving, Albion et Hibernia Britannicae Insulae, from the data of Claudius Ptolemy, 2nd century, on the example of Gerard Mercator, 16th century, scale about 55 miles to 1 inch, engraved by Basire, published for the Society of Antiquaries, 1793.
image  click to enlarge
PTY3Cm.jpg
"Epiacum"
item:-  Hampshire Museums : FA2002.651
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Horsley 1732
placename:-  Alione
placename:-  Whitley Castle
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Britannia Antiqua, roman Britain, scale about 50 miles to 1 inch, by John Horsley, perhaps 1732, edition published about 1869?
image  click to enlarge
HOR1Cm.jpg
"Alione / Whitley Castle"
item:-  JandMN : 429
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   old map:- Ford 1839 map
placename:-  Whitley
source data:-   Map, uncoloured engraving, Map of the Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland and Lancashire, scale about 3.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Charles Thurnam, Carlisle, and by R Groombridge, 5 Paternoster Row, London, 3rd edn 1843.
image
FD02NY64.jpg
"Whitley"
Symbol for a roman fort? 
item:-  JandMN : 100.1
Image © see bottom of page

evidence:-   textbook:- Rivet and Smith 1979
placename:-  Epiacum
placename:-  Epeiacum
source data:-  


photograph
CGL76.jpg (taken 1.9.2017)  
photograph
CGL77.jpg (taken 1.9.2017)  
photograph
CGL78.jpg (taken 1.9.2017)  
Described as the best preserved roman fort in the whole roman empire; for the casual visitor there is nothing much to excite.

also see:-    Whitley, Northumberland

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